Complications of proximal humeral fractures

Abstract

Objective. Proximal humeral fractures are among the most frequent fracture in the adult and their treatment is controversial.The purpose of this paper is to present the most common complications in managing prox- imal humeral fractures, reviewing the literature.The principal complications are mainly caused by biological elements, but are also related to iatrogenic factors.Conclusions. It is very important to provide a correct fracture classification, accurate pa- tient clinical investigation, and to perform all instrumental procedures required to get a correct indication in managing proximal humeral fracture. In case of operative treatment, accurate pre-operatory planning is mandatory. Moreover, the surgeon must consider the feasible intra-operatory complications, such as the possibility to convert an open reduction and internal fixation to a total arthroplasty.In our opinion, the arthroplasty system should be available in every operating theater.