A perspective on the building blocks of a solid-state battery: from solid electrolytes to quantum power harvesting and storage

Abstract

We present a comprehensive perspective on the fundamental components of a solid-state battery, starting from all-solid-state electrolytes and extending to quantum power harvesting and storage. First, we delve into the key characteristics that define an effective electrolyte. It is confirmed that the most promising electrolytes are semiconductors with a low work function, displaying behavior akin to anodes. Moreover, electrolyte classes composed of multiple dominant elements S, O, and Cl, such as argyrodites and oxyhalide electrolytes, show more significant potential than those with only one dominant element, such as sulfide, oxide, and halide electrolytes. We also explore ferroelectric-electrolyte-based devices capable of both energy harvesting and storage. Ferroelectric materials possess exceptional properties that hold the promise to revolutionize the next generation of electronic devices. Likewise, we explore the realm of ferroelectric topological insulators (FETIs), which open up a new world of possibilities. Pioneering studies in this area are reported herein. Continuing our assessment, we investigate the domain of the small and provide an overview of the principles behind quantum batteries. We explain the general quantum model and present three different types of quantum batteries: the Dicke model, the spin-chain model, and the quantum thermal machines, whose function mechanism is based on Maxwell's demons (isothermal baths) and quantum refrigerators. By presenting these insights, we hope to contribute to advancing solid-state batteries and quantum power harvesting and storage technologies that maintain coherence even at macrosizes, paving the way for more efficient and sustainable electronic devices.