Design Strategies and Emerging Applications of Perovskite-Based Sensors

Abstract

Perovskite materials, with their outstanding optoelectronic properties, low cost, solution-processability, and scalability, have emerged as promising candidates in the field of sensors. Despite extensive exploration into the photoelectric properties and traditional applications (e.g., gas sensing) of perovskite sensors, there has been limited focus on the fabrication processes that dominate their performance and emerging application directions. The flourishing development of perovskite sensors should comprehend the challenges in fabrication processes (e.g., stability, uniformity, and scale-up production) of perovskite sensors and further improve the sensing performance in conjunction with the working principles, extending their application fields. Herein, a comprehensive overview primarily focuses on the significant challenges faced by perovskite sensors in emerging application fields, including performance enhancement and process optimization. The key performance parameters and working principles of perovskite sensor are analyzed first. Then we review the effective design strategies and solutions proposed in recent research, while providing insights into optimizing sensor design to enhance sensing performance for precise detection. Moreover, some emerging applications of perovskite sensors, such as smart biomedical diagnosis, wearable devices, and artificial intelligence, are explored. Current challenges and future trends are also addressed, emphasizing the growing potential of perovskite sensors in advancing sensor technology innovation and interdisciplinary applications.