Synergistic innovations of nanomedicine in lymphoma treatment: a systematic review

Abstract

Lymphoma therapy faces persistent challenges, including tumor heterogeneity, drug resistance, and immunosuppressive microenvironments, particularly in relapsed or refractory cases. Current treatments, such as chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and cell-based therapies, are limited by suboptimal targeting, systemic toxicity, and manufacturing complexities, highlighting the urgent need for innovative solutions. Nanomedicine has emerged as a transformative approach, integrating material design with therapeutic strategies to address these barriers. This review of 133 preclinical studies highlights key advancements: the dominance of lipid- and polymer-based nanoparticles, increasing use of natural materials, and the combination of passive EPR-based targeting with active strategies like CD20-mediated approaches. Stimuli-responsive systems, particularly pH-sensitive platforms, further enhance precision drug delivery, improving efficacy while reducing toxicity. Artificial intelligence accelerates progress by integrating multi-omics data and utilizing machine learning to optimize nanoparticle design, enhancing precision and personalization. Additionally, nanotechnology has advanced imaging, minimized chemotherapy-induced toxicity, and enabled in vivo CAR-T generation, offering safer and scalable therapeutic options. However, clinical translation faces hurdles, including scalable manufacturing, single-cell omics-guided nanoparticle design, and humanized models to validate immune microenvironment interactions. Addressing these challenges is essential to fully realize the potential of nanomedicine and AI integration, driving next-generation platforms for precision lymphoma therapy.