Performance of heat pump system for water heating in European climate

Abstract

A performance of air-to-water and brine-to-water heat pump for domestic hot water preparation was analyzed in different climates of Europe. Air-source heat pumps are widely used energy source for domestic applications with low operation costs. Their system SPF was found at level of 3.0 for domestic hot water preparation for medium latitudes in Europe. Investigations on the ground-source heat pump performance show their average SPF are close to air-source technology.