From qualitative analysis to quantitative insights: a systematic review of early phase sustainability assessments of chemical processes

Abstract

Sustainability assessment from the beginning of the process design phase is crucial to ensure the development of a sustainable chemical process. Hence, a myriad of different methods for sustainability assessment of chemical process designs are reported in the literature. These methods differ significantly in terms of the sustainability dimensions they cover, their applicability in different phases of process design, their methodological approach and data needs. While there are several reviews existing on this topic, there is a lack of reviews focusing on sustainability assessment methods for chemical process design applicable in the early stages. Therefore, we perform a systematic literature review focusing exclusively on early-phase sustainability assessment methods. For this purpose, we use a mixed-method approach combining qualitative analysis and quantitative bibliometric analysis. From the complete literature dataset (n = 565), the analysis uncovered a diverse array of 53 methods well-suited for early-phase sustainability assessment of chemical processes. Through qualitative analysis, the reviewed literature was organised into distinct categories, including assessment methods, decision-making procedures and result characteristics. Additionally, quantitative analysis via bibliometric techniques revealed five distinct research clusters and several trends within the field, highlighting areas for potential future exploration. As a synthesis of the review, we visualised and structured the identified assessment tools in a sustainability target graphic and developed a decision tree to support the identification of an appropriate sustainability assessment method. With this review, we aim to offer a comprehensive and informative overview and guidance for researchers seeking to assess the sustainability of chemical processes during the early design phase.