Indonesia Schistosoma japonicum: Origin, genus oncomelania, and elimination of the parasite with cluster genes inoculated into female OncomelanialorelindoensisviaCRISPR/Cas9system

Abstract

Introduction: In this study, I report the progress of Schistosomiasis japonica that focused on dispersion of Schistosoma japonicum, genus Oncomelania, and use of genetic manipulations on Oncomelania lorelindoensis for eliminating schistosomiasis japonica in Central Sulawesi as objectives of this study. Results: Results of Nucleotide BLAST showed that Sulawesi's S. japonicum originated from Japan and China. Results also showed that Southeast Asian Oncomelania is closer to O. hupensis robertsoni (Oncomelania robertsoni) than to O. hupensis or O. minima. Elimination of S. japonicum parasite in O. lorelindoensis can occur in the field using anti-Schistosoma inoculated into female ovary O. lorelindoensis with CRISPR/Cas9 system. The progeny of transgenic snails in each generation can be calculated by using the mathematical ideas. Mathematical ideas include total F1 = 3n, F1 = ([3n -1]: 1), total ≥ F2 is Fn+1 = 6n, and Fn+1 = ([6n - 1]: 1). Conclusion: Nucleotide BLAST results showed that ancestors of Sulawesi's S. japonicum originated from Japan and China. Oncomelania lorelindoensis is the intermediate host of Sulawesi's S. japonicum. Any transgenic snail crossed with wild-type O. lorelindoensis can result in S. japonicum-resistant snails.