Social Cognitive Maps. Un método para identificar los grupos sociales en contextos naturales

Abstract

This article describes the composite Social-Cognitive Map (SCM), a user-friendly method to identify groups of persons in natural settings. The method is introduced, with its foundations, the interview procedure, the use of SCM software 4.0, and the analysis of the information it yields. Despite having a large tradition, this software is quite unknown in Spanish speaking contexts. This method can be applied in various fields, but in this study we focus on the school context, the classroom and the student groups in the classroom. The SCM provides information on: a) the identity of individuals who are members of a peer group and the people with whom each individual is more closely affiliated; b) the number of peer groups and the centrality of each group within the social network (class); and c) the centrality of each individual in the classroom. Finally, the results obtained in studies which applied this method are commented, and information about its validity, reliability and generalization is provided. © 2013 Colegio Oficial de Psicologos de Madrid. All rights reserved.