Mid-Cretaceous wood of Waihere Bay, Pitt Island, Chatham Islands, New Zealand

Abstract

The mid-Cretaceous is an important time for the diversification of forests globally, including the rise to dominance of the angiosperms and the beginning of the isolation of Zealandia. In New Zealand, little information is available on the mid-Cretaceous xyloflora. New specimens of fossil wood from the mid-Cretaceous Tupuangi Formation were collected from Waihere Bay, Pitt Island, Chatham Islands, of which 16 well-preserved samples were identified, representing Araucariaceae (Agathoxylon, 5 samples), Cupressaceae (Taxodioxylon and Cupressinoxylon, one sample each), Podocarpaceae (Protophyllocladoxylon, one sample), and the 'Group B' and 'Group C' Mesozoic conifers (four samples each) defined in Bamford & Philippe (2008). Of these, only Taxodioxylon had been identified previously from the Tupuangi Formation. Two new species are erected, Cupressoxylon dianneae sp. nov. and Protophyllocladoxylon jacobusii sp. nov. These records are important for understanding the mid-Cretaceous flora of New Zealand and the history of the unique modern flora of New Zealand.