Physicochemical evaluation and developability assessment of co-amorphouses of low soluble drugs and comparison to the co-crystals

Abstract

To judge the developability and analyze functional mechanism of co-amorphouses, we investigated the physicochemical properties of co-amorphouses and compare the properties with the co-crystals having the same drug and counters. Co-amorphous compounds are a novel approach to improve the physicochemical properties of drugs. A co-amorphous is in an amorphous solid state allowing non-ionic interactions between drug molecules and counter molecules. The co-amorphous compounds composed of itraconazole (ITZ) with the organic carboxyl acid, fumaric acid (FA) or L-tartaric acid (TA), were prepared by mechanical grinding. Potential interactions within ITZ-FA co-amorphous were assessed by Raman spectroscopy. ITZ-FA co-amorphous was not crystallized as the co-crystal or as a single ITZ crystal, suggesting that the amorphous state, like the amorphous solid dispersion, was physically stable and that ITZ-FA co-amorphous was also chemically stable. In contrast, no clear interactions were observed within ITZ-TA co-amorphous, and the co-amorphous was physically stable but chemically unstable. The solubility of the co-amorphous state was much higher than those of ITZ crystal and the co-crystals and was almost identical to that of amorphous ITZ. A co-amorphous compound like ITZ-FA co-amorphous might be feasible to implement in the development of solid drug products and bring some merits compared to the co-crystals, and the function is governed by the interaction between a drug and a counter. The co-amorphous approach may be an effective strategy for drug development and can contribute to the production of novel drugs with improved functions.