Risk factors for atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in patients with type 2 diabetes on long-term hemodialysis

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a risk factor for the progression of cardiovascular mortality, exacerbated by the development of chronic renal failure secondary to diabetic nephropathy, which requires long-term hemodialysis (LTH). However, in the case of LTH cardiovascular mortality exceeds that in the general population, especially in patients with diabetes. The identification of risk factors for the progression of atherosclerosis and vascular calcification in patients with DM on LTH is of great importance for finding a more effective approach to the prevention of cardiovascular mortality in a given cohort of patients. The presented review contains analysis of current literature data on the evaluation of both traditional and non-traditional risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity in order to improve the effectiveness of therapeutic and diagnostic tactics.