Vietnam’s Foreign Policy Reform (1986-2025): From Breaking Isolation to International Integration and the Era of the Nation’s Rise

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of Vietnam's foreign policy renovation and development within its Doi Moi process since 1986. The study primarily focuses on elucidating how Vietnam has transformed from an isolated nation, grappling with numerous challenges, into a proactive and active participant in the international arena. The initial phase of breaking isolation is examined through Vietnam's efforts to overcome political and economic barriers, establishing relations with a wide range of nations and international organizations. This was followed by a period of extensive international integration, evident in Vietnam's accession to key multilateral institutions, alongside the expansion of its strategic and comprehensive partnerships. Finally, the paper highlights the era of the nation's ascendancy, describing how Vietnam, with its escalating position and prestige on the global stage, actively contributes to regional and global issues, pursuing an independent, self-reliant, diversified, and multilateral zed foreign policy. This study not only summarizes key achievements but also analyzes the challenges and future orientations of Vietnam's foreign policy.