Les systèmes dédiés à la production de bois énergie en france. travaux de recherche et projets en cours

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Abstract

Biomass enjoys special status amongst the sources of renewable energy because it is a source both of energy vectors and of carbonaceous molecules. According to European directives, the contribution of the biomass to the production of energy will triple in the next ten years. Faced with this challenge, it is commonly accepted that the main potential for growth comes from agriculture via dedicated production systems. Research in France on the use of perennial woody plants as crops dedicated to biomass production was conducted by INRA, FCBA and the AILE association several decades ago, in the wake of the first oil shocks. Trials were carried out in intensive forestry using stump sprouting trees: short and very short rotation coppices (SRC and VSRC, respectively). These trials showed that with productive varieties of species such as poplar, willow or eucalyptus grown by rotations of 2 to 7 years depending on the initial planting density, biomass output can reach between 8 and 15 metric tons of dry material per hectare per annum. Based on the results obtained by these three organisations on the basis of several dozen hectares of experimentally grown crops, the influence of a few cropping factors on the productivity of SRCs and VSCRs and the impact of the latter on site fertility were demonstrated. Some data concerning the energy and financial balances for these crops is also presented. Finally, some insight is provided about the role of SRCs and VSCRs in the area of environmental engineering (remediation, phytoextraction). By way of conclusion, a non-exhaustive list of ongoing research projects relating to dedicated systems for producing woody biomass is drawn up. Three main areas are currently apparent: improving the productivity and quality of the products derived from the biomass, acquiring better knowledge of the impact on the physical environment and biodiversity, and defining the criteria that determine their acceptability.

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APA

Bastien, J. C., Marron, N., Berthelot, A., & Leplus, A. (2011). Les systèmes dédiés à la production de bois énergie en france. travaux de recherche et projets en cours. Revue Forestiere Francaise, 63(2), 217–228. https://doi.org/10.4267/2042/45207

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