A Journey of Coronaviruses from Sporadic Outbreaks to COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Background: The world is presently experiencing the devastating pandemic by a coronavirus that compelled the whole research communities to relook the epidemiology of these viruses, particularly their evolution and transmission in the milieu of the human-animal interface. Methods: The data from various databases like Science Direct, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, and Nature has been referred to classify the virus, its epidemiology, zoonotic potential, and its host determinants. The literature survey started when COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by the WHO. Results and Conclusion: In this review article, we discuss the paradigm of coronaviruses as a new emerging zoonotic disease. We also examine the zoonotic concerns of these viruses in the setting of interspecies transmission and their consequences. These critical findings might be helpful for researchers to understand the mechanism of these viruses and the diseases they caused.