Analisis Ketangguhan Impak dan Karakter Patahan Komposit Sandwich Serat Rami–Epoksi Berbasis Corrugate Cardboard

  • Zulkifli Z
  • Dharmawan I
  • Akbar S
  • et al.
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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh orientasi serat terhadap ketangguhan impak dan karakteristik patahan komposit sandwich berbasis serat rami–epoksi dengan inti karton bergelombang (corrugated cardboard). Penggunaan serat alami seperti rami menjadi alternatif ramah lingkungan terhadap serat sintetis karena sifatnya yang ringan, terbarukan, dan memiliki kekuatan mekanik yang baik. Panel komposit sandwich disusun dalam tiga variasi orientasi serat, yaitu longitudinal (0°), transversal (90°), dan tenunan polos (plain weave), dengan proses fabrikasi menggunakan metode vacuum bagging. Resin epoksi tipe bisfenol-A digunakan sebagai matriks, sedangkan core berasal dari limbah karton rokok tipe double wall. Pengujian impak dilakukan menggunakan metode Charpy dengan konfigurasi flatwise sesuai standar ISO 179-1:2023, untuk menilai kemampuan panel dalam menyerap energi tumbukan secara tegak lurus terhadap permukaannya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa orientasi serat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap energi serap dan ketangguhan impak. Orientasi 0° menghasilkan nilai energi tertinggi (2,854 J) dan ketangguhan 30,43 kJ/m², sedangkan orientasi 90° dan plain weave menunjukkan penurunan berturut-turut sebesar 36% dan 70%. Pengamatan makroskopik memperlihatkan perbedaan pola kegagalan yang khas: orientasi 0° menunjukkan micro crack dan core shear fracture, orientasi 90° didominasi oleh fiber pull-out dan delaminasi, sedangkan plain weave menampilkan fiber bridging dan retak getas. Hasil penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa orientasi serat longitudinal memberikan ketangguhan impak terbaik karena mampu menyalurkan beban secara efisien dan mempertahankan integritas struktur kompositThe combination of hemp fibers and epoxy resin in a sandwich structure offers a balance between stiffness and light weight, especially when using corrugated cardboard as the core material. However, the effect of fiber orientation on impact energy absorption and fracture characteristics in natural fiber-based sandwich composites has rarely been studied in depth. This study aims to analyze the effect of fiber orientation on the impact toughness and fracture morphology of hemp fiber–epoxy sandwich composites with corrugated cardboard cores. Hemp fiber is used as a natural reinforcement because it is lightweight, renewable, and has good mechanical strength. The composite panels were arranged in three fiber orientations —longitudinal (0°), transverse (90°), and plain weave —using the vacuum bagging method. Bisphenol-A epoxy resin served as the matrix, while the core came from double-wall cigarette carton waste. Impact testing was conducted using the Charpy method in a flatwise configuration in accordance with ISO 179-1:2023 to assess the panel's ability to absorb impact energy. The results show that fiber orientation significantly affects energy absorption and impact toughness. The 0° orientation produced the highest energy (2.854 J) and toughness of 30.43 kJ/m², while the 90° and plain weave orientations decreased by 36% and 70%, respectively. Macroscopic observations revealed characteristic failure patterns: 0° exhibited microcracks and core shear fractures; 90° showed fiber pull-out and delamination; while Plain weave displayed fiber bridging and brittle cracks. Longitudinal orientation provided the best impact toughness and the most efficient load transfer

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APA

Zulkifli, Z., Dharmawan, I. B., Akbar, S., Zulfati Yusrina, Y., Sanchia Samosir, D., Amin, M., & Prayoga, R. (2025). Analisis Ketangguhan Impak dan Karakter Patahan Komposit Sandwich Serat Rami–Epoksi Berbasis Corrugate Cardboard. MACHINERY Jurnal Teknologi Terapan, 6(3), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.36257/machinery.v6i3.11401

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