Programmed expression of pro-apoptotic BMCC1 during apoptosis, triggered by DNA damage in neuroblastoma cells

Abstract

Background: The multi-functional BMCC1 (BCH motif-containing molecule at the carboxyl terminal region 1)/PRUNE2 plays a clear role in suppression of tumor activity. In the patients with neuroblastoma (NB), reduced expression of BMCC1 in primary tumor tissues was associated with poor prognosis. By contrast, enforced expression of BMCC1 as well as elevated expression of BMCC1 in response to DNA-damage promotes apoptosis by abrogating Akt-mediated survival pathways. Methods: We addressed molecular mechanisms underlying changes in regulation of BMCC1 expression during the process of apoptosis, which was promoted by a DNA-damaging drug Cisplatin (CDDP), in NB-derived cells. Results: Elevated expression of BMCC1 was identified as an early response to DNA damage, which is accompanied by phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase (ATM) and accumulation of E2F1. Indeed, inhibition of ATM using an ATM inhibitor resulted in a decrease in expression of BMCC1 at mRNA levels. In addition, an E2F-binding sight was required for activation of BMCC1 promoter in response to DNA damage. On the other hand, knockdown of E2F1 yielded abrogated induction of BMCC1 in the cells after treatment with CDDP, suggesting that BMCC1 accumulation was caused by ATM-E2F1-dependent transcription. Finally, we demonstrated that full-length BMCC1 was proteolytically cleaved by apoptosis-activated caspase-9 during advanced stages of apoptosis in SK-N-AS cells. Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrated the programmed expression of full-length BMCC1 in human NB cells undergoing DNA damage-induced apoptosis. The elucidation of the molecular mechanisms controlling the regulation of BMCC1 during apoptosis initiated by DNA damage provides useful information for understanding drug resistance of tumor cells and spontaneous regression of NB.