Prevalence and Risk Factors of Fatigue in Adults with Stage 3 and 4 CKD Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2007–2012

Abstract

Background Fatigue is a devastating symptom experienced by adults with CKD, but less is known about the prevalence of fatigue and factors associated with fatigue in a general population of adults with CKD. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of fatigue and identified factors associated with fatigue among a national cohort of US adults with CKD. Methods We utilized cross-sectional data from 1079 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007–2012 and included participants aged 18 years and older with stage 3 and 4 CKD (eGFR between 15 and 60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) who had available data evaluating fatigue. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were used to evaluate the odds of having fatigue in the context of physiological, sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioral factors. Results We estimated that 48% of those with CKD had fatigue. Among the risk factors examined, those with the strongest evidence of association in multivariable analyses were female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 2.17), pain (OR, 2.49; 95% CI, 1.57 to 3.93), poor mental health (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.05 to 3.72), anxiety (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.14 to 3.34), and depressive symptoms (OR, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.17 to 5.66). Conclusions Fatigue is a common symptom experienced by adults with CKD in the United States. Physiological, sociodemographic, psychological, and behavioral factors are associated with fatigue, with psychological factors being most strongly associated with fatigue. Future work is needed to identify interventions to mitigate fatigue and risk factors of fatigue in adults with CKD.