Double filtration plasmapheresis in myasthenia gravis - Analysis of clinical efficacy and prognostic parameters

Abstract

Objectives - The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of double filtration plasmapheresis (DFP) in the treatment of patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and to analyze the possible prognostic factors related to responsiveness to DFP. Materials and methods - We treated 45 MG patients, 26 women and 19 men aged 21-72 years, with DFP for 5 consecutive sessions. All were affected by severe generalized or respiratory weakness with an Osserman's classification of group 2 or 3 and had not responded to previous treatments. Results - Thirty-eight out of 45 patients (84%) achieved significant improvements after DFP. The baseline MG score and removal rate for immunoglobulin G (IgG) were significantly higher in the patients with good response than in the other response groups. Poor responders were more likely to have thymoma and a longer interval among sessions of DFP. Better response in patients with age at onset of less than 40 years was associated with higher MG score. Serum concentration of all proteins tested fell as follows (mean±SD): IgM, 88±7%; IgA, 71±11%; IgG, 59±14%; globulin, 52±11%; AchRAb, 47±14%; and albumin, 27±10%. All the patients tolerated plasmapheresis well except for 2.2% who experienced hypotension. Conclusion - In this study, DFP was effective and safe in the treatment of patients with severe generalized MG. The factors correlating with the better clinical response were high MG score, a thymic pathology of non-thymoma, daily apheresis, young age at onset, and high removal rate for IgG.