Cholesteatoma

Abstract

Cholesteatoma is a cyst or saclike invagination of keratinising, stratified, squamous epithelium in the middle ear. It may be derived from and is histologically indistinguishable from the epithelium of the tympanic membrane. It is frequently poorly understood, partly from its relative infrequency, partly from difficulties visualising and diagnosing the condition and partly from the name itself. This article comprehensively describes the classification, pathogenesis and diagnosis of cholesteatoma, complications, and the medical and surgical treatment options.