Are camera traps fit for purpose? A rigorous, reproducible and realistic test of camera trap performance

Abstract

Camera traps are now widely used to produce the data that inform critical, large-scale conservation strategies, but insufficient attention has been paid to evaluating or validating their performance. A realistic, reproducible and rigorous test of camera trap performance has been developed, using a real animal target moving in different directions and at different distances from sets of up to six cameras. The test clearly shows differences in performance between camera trap brands and models that affect whether they are fit for research purposes, and the effects on camera performance of the small differences in mounting height and angle that are likely to arise when camera traps are used in the field.