Cytokine gene polymorphisms in preeclampsia and eclampsia

Abstract

The clinical spectrum of preeclampsia (PE) ranges from mild hypertension to severe vasospasm associated with convulsions and multiple organ damage. The biological factors that determine the progression of PE to eclampsia (E) are unknown. Endothelial cell activation seems related to an impaired maternal immune response. The production of cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β1, is apparently suppressed, and altered IL-2/IL-10 and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios have been reported in preeclamptic cases. The relationship between PE and cytokine gene polymorphism has been studied, but there are few studies that include eclamptic patients. This study aimed at investigating whether polymorphisms in genes, TNF-α promoter (-308 G>A), IL6 promoter (-174 G>C), IFN-γ intron 1 (+874 A>T), IL10 promoters (-1082 A>G), (-819 C>T) and (-592 C>A) and TGF-β1 codon 10 (+869 T>C) and codon 25 (+915 G>C) are associated with E and/or PE. Genotyping was carried out in 266 Mulatto women from the northeastern region of Brazil who were referred to a single maternity hospital: 92 with PE, 73 with E and 101 normotensive controls. The χ2 or Fisher's exact tests were used to compare genotype frequencies. Among the six single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) studied, we found no difference in genotype frequencies between the groups. There was a higher frequency of IFN-γ (+874 A) in eclamptic patients in comparison with that in controls. (70.3 vs. 57.8%, respectively; P=0.02). There were no other significant differences in allelic frequencies between eclamptic, preeclamptic and control groups We found no independent association between any single SNP and PE or E risk in this population of Mulatto women from the northeastern region of Brazil.