Antimicrobial activity and metalloprotease inhibition of hinokitiol- related compounds, the constituents of Thujopsis dolabrata S. and Z. hondai Mak.

Abstract

γ-Thujaplicin, β-dolabrin and hinokitiol(β-thujaplicin), hinokitiol- related compounds isolated from the wood of Thujopsis dolabrata S. and Z. hondai MAK have antimicrobial activity. In particular, strong antibacterial activity of hinokitiol and β-dolabrin on Staphylococcus epidermidis IFO- 12993 was found, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.2 μg/ml. This activity was higher than that of gentamicin, used as a positive control, and so the strong antibacterial activity of both compounds on this bacterium is of considerable interest. Of the three compounds, γ-thujaplicin showed the strongest antifungal activity and its MIC was found to be around 1.5 μg/ml. The three compounds also inhibited metalloproteases. The inhibitory activity of hinokitiol on carboxypeptidase A was especially strong, its 50%- inhibitory concentration (IC50) being 2.76 x 10-6 M. Considering that metalloproteases are involved in inflammation, the strong inhibitory activity of hinokitiol could be important. On the other hand, hinokitiol-acetate did not show any antimicrobial activity and metalloprotease inhibition, suggesting that at least part of the activity is due to metal chelation between the carbonyl group at C-1 and the hydroxyl group at C-2 in the tropolone skeleton.