Cardiovascular Disease and COVID-19: Issues in Women

Abstract

COVID-19, although primarily a respiratory illness, has myriad cardiovascular manifestations. Underlying comorbidities like hypertension, diabetes, and underlying cardiovascular disease are associated with higher mortality. Diabetes confers greater risk in women than men. Myocardial injury is seen in 17 to 36% of patients and is associated with higher mortality. Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) pose diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. Case reports of myocarditis have been documented. The sex differences in these common presentations have not been disaggregated and such evaluation is warranted to elucidate future interventions.