Decreased Peak Left Atrial Longitudinal Strain Is Associated with Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension Associated with Left Heart Disease

Abstract

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) associated with left heart disease (PH-LHD) is the most common form of PH and has significantly higher morbidity and mortality. We estimated the prevalence of PH-LHD on the follow-up echocardiography and the role of left atrial (LA) function in PH-LHD. From the STRATS-AHF registry composed of 4312 acute heart failure (HF) patients, we analyzed peak atrial longitudinal strain (PALS) in 1729 patients with follow-up echocardiographic examinations during mean 18.1 ± 13.5 months. PH was determined by the maximal velocity of tricuspid regurgitation (TR Vmax ≥ 3.4 m/s). Persistent PH was found in 373 patients (21.6%). The PH-LHD group was significantly older, and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF), hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction were higher compared with the no PH-LHD group. Baseline left ventricular end-systolic volume and PALS were lower, and LA diameter, mitral E/E’ ratio, and TR Vmax were higher in the PH-LHD group. In the multivariate analysis, PALS (HR = 1.024, p = 0.040) was a significant variable after adjustment of LA diameter and mitral E/E’. A decreased PALS of <12.5% was the best cutoff value in the prediction of persistent PH-LHD (AUC = 0.594, sensitivity = 65.3%, specificity = 46.1%). PH-LHD was associated with increased HF hospitalization (HR = 2.344, p < 0.001) and mortality (HR = 2.015, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age and sex. In conclusion, persistent PH-LHD was found in 21.6% in the follow-up echocardiography and was associated with decreased PALS (<12.5%). PH-LHD persistence was associated with poor clinical outcomes. Thus, AHF patients with decreased PALS, especially <12.5%, should be followed with caution.