Phenotypic and Molecular Diversity of Native Chicken Genetic Groups in the Philippines

Abstract

The present study aims to evaluate the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the 230 heads of chicken which were randomly sampled from the six native chicken genetic groups (Bolinao, Boholano, Darag Camarines, Paraoakan, and Zampen). The data on qualitative traits of the native chickens were tabulated and frequency distribution was computed. The quantitative traits were analyzed using Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research (STAR). Bolinao exhibits the most diverse qualitative characteristics. Morphometric body measurements are significantly different across genetic groups. Fifteen microsatellite or simple sequence repeats (SSR) recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), were used for genetic characterization. Phylogenetic analysis of the six genetic groups of native chicken based on Nei’s (1972) genetic distance showed that Bolinao and Darag native chicken are of closer genetic relationship as compared to the other five genetic groups studied. The genetic diversity was assessed using the POPGENE software. The high mean number of alleles per locus, moderately high observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity, positive inbreeding coefficient, and high fixation coefficient of a subpopulation within the total population values indicate high diversity of the different genetic groups of Philippine native chicken.