Morphological, physiological, and anatomical characteristics associated with heat preconditioning and heat tolerance in Salvia splendens

Abstract

Many bedding plant cultivars struggle to survive in high temperatures during production. The objective of this research was to study how heat stress and preconditioning affects growth, physiology, and anatomy of the annual bedding plant Salvia splendens Ker Gawl. Heat preconditioning increased the quality and survival capacity of nonheat-tolerant 'Sizzler Red'. Heat-tolerant traits of 'Vista Red' were enhanced with preconditioning. The higher tolerance levels with and without heat preconditioning for 'Vista Red' suggested that cultivars with thicker, broader leaves, and higher stomatal frequency had higher light interception, gas exchange, transpirational cooling, and CO2 fixation. These plants attained a more rapid canopy cover and maintained healthier leaves and supplied photo-assimilates to reproductive development and root growth. Selecting for these characteristics could be used to help provide guidelines for breeding and selection of heat-tolerant salvia.