Experimental Analysis of LoRa Transmission Parameters

Abstract

Cyber Physical Systems that pave the way to Industry 4.0 can often be looked upon as the combination of the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence. IoT applications use wireless protocols such as LTE-M, NB-IoT, WiFi, BLE, LoRa, and Zigbee. LoRa-based protocols are becoming the default standard for applications that demand low data rates, long-range, and long battery life. LoRa has mainly four transmission parameters, namely, Spreading Factor (SF), Transmission Power (TP), Bandwidth (BW), and Coding Rate (CR). There are 12480 possible sets of these parameters in the latest LoRa-based System on Chip. This paper analyzes the effect of the LoRa transmission parameters in different environments and attempts to develop or map mathematical models. Path loss for Line of Sight is found to be around 2.47, and for Non-Line of Sight indoor Multi Wall Floor, it is around 9.94. These results and observations are expected to help in network planning and optimization.