Evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms among male COVID-19 patients during the second wave: An observational study

Abstract

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected almost all age groups globally, and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) may be one of the early manifestations of COVID-19, especially in elderly patients. This study aimed at evaluating LUTS in male COVID-19 patients during the COVID-19 s wave. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted between March 15, 2021, and March 25, 2021, at the Prince Hamza Hospital in Amman, Jordan. Newly admitted COVID-19 confirmed male patients who were able to fill the LUTS (validated) questionnaire were included. Vitally unstable patients requiring intensive care unit admissions or medical or surgical intervention (except catheterization) for their presenting symptoms were excluded. Results: Two-hundred and four patients (mean age: 51.1 ± 17.3 years) were included; among COVID-19 symptoms, augmented urinary frequency (3.4%) was the commonest urological symptom, followed by dysuria (1.0%), and acute urinary retention (1.0%). Twenty-four patients (10.8%) had benign prostatic hyperplasia, two patients had bladder cancer, and one hadprostate cancer. Most patients exhibited mild symptoms on international prostate symptom score (IPSS) before (n = 149, 67.1%) and during (n = 157, 70.7%) COVID-19, and this difference between IPSS scores was statistically significant (P = 0.025). Both IPSS sub-scores of storage (IPSS/S) and voiding (IPSS/V) had a positive correlation with pre- and post-COVID-19 scores (IPSS/S: P < 0.001, ρ = 0.63; IPSS/V: P < 0.001, ρ = 0.76). Conclusion: This study demonstrated a strong correlation between COVID-19 and LUTS; therefore, COVID-19 infection should be investigated and excluded in any patient presenting with LUTS during the current pandemic. Further research is needed to elucidate the exact pathophysiology of this correlation.