Natural resources and CO2emissions nexus: Sustainable development path for South Asian countries

Abstract

The rapid deterioration of the environment has attracted the world's attention to find the determinants of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. In this line, many studies have probed the factors affecting CO2emissions, but the role of natural resources has been overlooked significantly. Therefore, this study attempts to fill this gap by investigating the role of natural resources in CO2emissions in four South Asian countries over the annual period of 1990-2019. Other variables of trade openness, renewable energy, energy use, and gross domestic product (GDP) were also included in the model. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) method reveals that natural resources reduce CO2emissions in Pakistan and India. On the other hand, the abundance of natural resources increases CO2emissions in Bangladesh. This association was not found significant in Sri Lanka. Moreover, this research confirmed Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) in Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Renewable energy is reducing CO2emissions in these countries. Therefore, natural resources are essential to reducing CO2emissions in Pakistan and India. Bangladesh needs to utilize its natural resources efficiently to improve air quality.