The experience of transitioning to adulthood for young people on the autistic spectrum in the UK: a framework synthesis of current evidence using an Ecosystemic model

Abstract

Transitioning to adulthood presents particular difficulties for young people on the autistic spectrum. This review looks at the views of key stakeholders regarding the transition to adulthood and associated support, within the UK. Four databases were searched and of the 564 initial results, nine papers met the inclusion criteria. A framework synthesis approach was taken, using the biopsychosocial ecological model (Kranzler et al., 2020) (School Psychology, 35, 2020 and 419) to map the experiences of individuals on the autistic spectrum, their families and professionals. Data analysis was conducted deductively with findings highlighting the challenging experiences young people and their families face and systemic barriers to accessing and providing support. Facilitative factors are identified, indicating a need for more inter-agency collaboration, inclusivity and individualisation of support. There was substantial interaction between the systems surrounding the child, indicating a complex and multi-faceted impact on experience. Further support is provided for the applicability of ecosystemic models to the study of autism. Key policy suggestions and gaps in the research base are considered.