Comparison of the effectiveness of two protocols for vaccination (standard and double dosage) against hepatitis B virus in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Abstract

Background The response rate to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is low. Aim To compare two vaccination protocols-the standard dose and the double dose-in IBD patients. Methods Patients diagnosed with IBD from three tertiary hospitals were vaccinated against HBV with two different protocols: the standard protocol (Engerix-B single dose at 0, 1 and 6 months) and the new faster protocol based on a double dose (Engerix B double dose at 0, 1 and 2 months). Anti-HBs titres were measured 1-3 months after the last dose. A multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors that were predictive of response to the vaccine. Results The study sample comprised 148 patients (mean age 40 years, 69% Crohn's disease), 70% of whom were receiving immunosuppressive therapy (22% thiopurines, 23% anti-TNF and 25% both). The standard protocol was followed in 46% of patients and the double dose protocol in 54%. Considering anti-HBs >10 IU/L as a successful response to vaccination, the seroconversion rate was higher among patients vaccinated with the double dose than with the standard dose: 75% (95% CI, 65-85%) vs. 41% (95% CI, 29-54%) (P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, vaccination with the double dose was the only factor associated with a better response to the vaccine (OR, 4; 95% CI, 2-8; P < 0.001). Conclusions The response rate to the HBV vaccination in IBD patients is low. Administration of a double dose was associated with a higher response rate. Therefore, the double dose protocol could be a suitable option in patients with IBD. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.