Effect of Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status on Oral Health of Patients Attending the Dental Clinic in University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Close relationship exists between diet, nutrition and dental health. Oral tissues are nutrition-dependent; inadequate diets can precipitate oral diseases and vice-versa. The study aimed to examine the effect of dietary pattern and nutritional status on the oral health of adults attending the Dental Clinic in University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 participants above 18 years; visiting the dental clinic. Questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, oral habits and oral health-related dietary problems. Oral diagnosis and medical history were obtained from case notes. Validated Food Frequency and 24-Hour Recall questionnaires were used to collect information on frequency and pattern of food and nutrient intakes. Result: Participants’ mean nutrient intakes were adequate for macronutrients but inadequate for nearly all micronutrients. Vitamin C showed statistical significance with Fracture, Vitamin B6 and B12 with Malocclusion, and Phosphorus and Zinc with Gingivitis. Oral problems affected food intake of 58.4% of participants, while 52.8% reportedly changed their diets due to oral problems. Coping mechanisms included chewing on one side of the jaw (40.8%), opting for liquid/soft foods (11.2%), avoiding hard foods (25.6%), omitting meat, fruits and vegetables from meals (21.6%). Conclusion: The study establishes the prevalence of hidden hunger in patients with dental problem and the close relationship between nutrition and oral health. Nutrition education on the importance of adequate diet for good oral health is required, and treatment of oral health problems should involve Registered Dietitian Nutritionists. Key words: Dietary pattern, Nutritional status, Oral health, Coping mechanisms, Nigeria.