Impact of ion intercalation materials on advancing capacitive deionization: from theory to practical

Abstract

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is an innovative technology that relies on the electrostatic adsorption of ions onto the electrode surface. Recently, the use of ion intercalation materials has been shown to be a viable method for increasing electrosorption capacity, which can greatly improve CDI performance. In this review, the most recent developments in ion intercalation, synthesis techniques, electrode performance, applications, and cell design in CDI systems are examined. Furthermore, this review highlights the economic feasibility, cost-effectiveness and development of technologies that use seawater sources to produce drinkable water compared with traditional desalination methods. Additionally, it draws attention to the function of advanced electrode materials in CDI, which highlights the possibilities of composite engineering for increased desalination efficiency. It also discusses the development of reliable and scalable CDI systems with improved capacities for environmentally friendly water filtration.