FE-DEM Analysis of the Effect of Tread Pattern on the Tractive Performance of Tires Operating on Sand

Abstract

Soil–tire system interaction is a fundamental and important research topic in terrame- chanics. We applied a 2D finite element, discrete element method (FE–DEM), using FEM for the tire and the bottom soil layer and DEM for the surface soil layer. Satis- factory performance analysis was achieved. In this study, to clarify the capabilities and limitations of the method for soil–tire interaction analysis, the tractive performance of real automobile tires with two different tread patterns—smooth and grooved—was an- alyzed by FE–DEM, and the numerical results compared with the experimental results obtained using an indoor traction measurement system. The analysis of tractive perfor- mance could be performed with sufficient accuracy by the proposed 2D dynamic FE– DEM. FE–DEM obtained larger drawbar pull for a tire with a grooved tread pattern, which was verified by the experimental results. Moreover, the result for the grooved tire showed almost the same gross tractive effort and similar running resistance as in experiments. However, for a tire with smooth tread pattern, the analyzed gross tractive effort and running resistance behaved differently than the experimental results, largely due to the difference in tire sinkage in FE–DEM.