An Evaluation of the Anticancer Properties of SYA014, a Homopiperazine-Oxime Analog of Haloperidol in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cells

Abstract

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a type of breast cancer associated with early metastasis, poor prognosis, high relapse rates, and mortality. Previously, we demonstrated that SYA013, a selective σ2RL, could inhibit cell proliferation, suppress migration, reduce invasion, and induce mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cell lines, although we were unable to demonstrate the direct involvement of sigma receptors. This study aimed to determine the anticancer properties and mechanisms of action of SYA014, [4-(4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-1-(4-fluorophenyl)butan-1-one oxime], an oxime analogue of SYA013, the contribution of its sigma-2 receptor (σ2R) binding, and its possible synergistic use with cisplatin to improve anticancer properties in two TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 (Caucasian) and MDA-MB-468 (Black). In the present investigation, we have shown that SYA014 displays anticancer properties against cell proliferation, survival, metastasis and apoptosis in the two TNBC cell lines. Furthermore, a mechanistic investigation was conducted to identify the apoptotic pathway by which SYA014 induces cell death in MDA-MB-231 cells. Since SYA014 has a higher binding affinity for σ2R compared to σ1R, we tested the role of σ2R on the antiproliferative property of SYA014 with a σ2R blockade. We also attempted to evaluate the combination effect of SYA014 with cisplatin in TNBC cells.