Varicocele repair in infertile males

Abstract

Varicocele is a common cause of male factor infertility, found in almost one-quarter of males presenting for evaluation. Varicocele can have a negative impact on semen parameters, including count, motility, morphology, or sperm DNA, by increasing oxidative stress. Current society guidelines recommend repairing palpable varicoceles in infertile males, unless they have azoospermia, to improve their chances of conceiving. Varicoceles can be repaired percutaneously or surgically, with varying rates of success and complications. There is evidence to show improved semen analysis and pregnancy rates in infertile males after varicocele repair.