Self-management Needs of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Abstract

Background: Adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) are an emerging adult heart disease subset, now outnumbering the pediatric population with CHD. Objective: We aimed to gain understanding and knowledge of what adults with CHD perceive as important for self-management and describe these needs across demographic factors, developmental characteristics, lesion severity, and quality of life. Methods: We used a descriptive mixed-methods online survey merging 4 instruments: Adult CHD Self-management Experience Questionnaire; Adult CHD Demographic Questionnaire; Adaptive Behavior Assessment System, Third Edition; and Stanford Quality of Life Visual Numeric. Participants with CHD 18 to 30 years of age with initial defect repair before 12 months of age were recruited through support from the Adult Congenital Heart Association, clinic adult CHD support groups, and newspaper advertising. Thematic analysis for short-answer questions, descriptive analysis for demographic data and the visual numeric, and intrument-specific scoring assistant software for the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System were used. Results: We received 22 responses from 13 women and 9 men. These individuals represented 15 different heart defect diagnoses, mostly of moderate or complex lesion severity. Most had postsecondary education and were employed. Four prominent themes emerged related to self-management: desire for connectivity-psychological support; a plan for the future-education about health and life expectations; coping needs-skills formental stress; and access to care-navigation of healthcare systems. Conclusions: Future longitudinal research and replication studies with larger samples are needed. Educational materials and targeted interventions that promote self-management benefit the aging adult with CHD population.