Emerging trends in molecular systematics and molecular phylogeny of mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera)

Abstract

Current trends are reviewed in the molecular systematics and phylogeny of the Ephemeroptera (mayflies), an ancient monophyletic lineage of pterygote insects. Theories of mayfly origins are analyzed, followed by a discussion of higher classification schemes in light of recent developments in molecular systematics. Ephemeroptera evolution is a classic example of ancient rapid radiation, presenting challenges for phylogenetic analysis. The utility of combined studies of morphological and molecular data is substantiated with examples and the role of molecular systematics in unraveling the taxonomy of cryptic species complexes is highlighted. The importance of DNA barcoding in mayfly taxonomy is discussed in the light of recent progress, and future contributions of genetics to the study of taxonomy, ecology and evolution in mayflies are discussed.