Adverse effects of COVID-19 vaccine in the paediatric population: a focus on the cardiovascular system

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic had an unprecedented impact on healthcare systems and exists globally. To control pandemic progression, COVID-19 vaccines were developed and licensed for use in the adult population in early 2021 and became available in paediatric cohorts several months later. Since then, several studies have reported adverse events and severe adverse events in the adult and paediatric cohorts. The question remains whether there exists a significant risk to paediatric COVID-19 vaccination. This study reviews the classification and presentation of severe adverse events and discusses relevant reports in the literature. An emphasis is put on cardiovascular severe adverse events and adverse events. This paper also provides current and future perspectives relative to the pandemic, its control, and the future of vaccine immunology.