Virtual Human Definition By Analyzing Virtuality Concepts

Abstract

Background As the activities of virtual humans have become popular, related new technologies have been developed and synonyms for virtual humans have emerged. However, the definition of virtual humans differs by study, thus making the purpose of related studies unclear and challenging to classify studies. Therefore, this paper aims to derive a definition of virtual humans and to analyze the conceptual differences with synonyms. Methods To derive a conceptual definition of virtual humans, we analyzed virtual humans through literature research and conducted preliminary interviews with ten experts to gather definitions of virtual humans. The concepts, elements, and characteristics of virtual humans synthesized from the preliminary interviews and additional literature were then supplemented by secondary interviews with six experts. Results The study found that the defining characteristic of virtual humans is virtuality, and the main elements of virtuality are appearance and persona. The classification of virtuality separates the concepts of digital humans and avatars, which are often confused with virtual humans. Virtual humans are digital image data with a human appearance that can be interacted with as a virtual appearance and persona. Digital humans are digital image data with a human appearance that does not have any ego applied to it but also includes an actual person’s appearance. Finally, avatars are online substitutes for users. Conclusions In this study, we identified the causes of virtual human confusion and analyzed the conceptual definitions to categorize the terms. The meaning of virtual human and synonyms should be clearly distinguished so that the essence of each term can be clarified and utilization can be improved. The conceptualization of virtual humans in this study can contribute to future related research. As related research continues, users will not experience confusion as clear concepts of the term are communicated.