Recent Advances on the Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Properties, and Product Development of Morus alba

Abstract

Introduction: Morus alba, a member of the Moraceae family, has a long history of medicinal use in China. Its branches, fruits, leaves, and root bark are rich in various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and other phytochemicals. These plant parts exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as antidiabetic, antitumor, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects. Owing to these properties, various parts of M. alba have been developed into functional foods and health products, attracting considerable public and scientific interest. Objectives: This review aims to summarize current knowledge on the phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and product development related to different parts of M. alba, with particular emphasis on their respective roles in the development of functional products. Methods: Relevant literature was retrieved from major scientific databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Information related to the phytochemistry, pharmacological effects, and product development of various parts of M. alba was systematically collected and analyzed. Results: This review summarizes the chemical composition of different parts of M. alba and their corresponding pharmacological properties. It also highlights recent advancements in the development of functional products derived from M. alba. Conclusions: M.orus alba contains a wide array of bioactive compounds with promising pharmacological potential. Its various parts have demonstrated potential in the prevention and management of chronic diseases and have been increasingly utilized in the development of functional health products. Further interdisciplinary studies are warranted to facilitate its translational application in modern healthcare.