Serologic response to human papillomavirus genotypes following vaccination: findings from the HITCH cohort study

Abstract

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributes to approximately 5% of the worldwide cancer burden. The three-dose HPV vaccine has demonstrated immunogenicity and efficacy. Humoral responses may be critical for preventing, controlling, and/or eliminating HPV infection. Using data from the HITCH cohort, we analysed humoral immune response to HPV vaccination among women in relation to the phylogenetic relatedness of HPV genotypes. Methods: We included 96 women aged 18–24 years attending college or university in Montreal, Canada. Participants provided blood samples at enrolment and five follow-up visits. Antibody response to bacterially expressed L1 and E6 glutathione S‐transferase fusion proteins of multiple Alphapapillomavirus types, and to virus-like particles (VLP-L1) of HPV16 and HPV18 were measured using multiplex serology. We assessed correlations between antibody seroreactivities using Pearson correlations (r). Results: At enrolment, 87.7% of participants were unvaccinated, 2.4% had received one, 3.2% two, and 6.7% three doses of HPV vaccine. The corresponding L1 seropositivity to any HPV was 41.2%, 83.3%, 100%, and 97.0%. Between-type correlations for L1 seroreactivities increased with the number of vaccine doses, from one to three. Among the latter, the strongest correlations were observed for HPV58–HPV33 (Pearson correlation [r] = 0.96; α9-species); HPV11–HPV6 (r = 0.96; α10-species); HPV45–HPV18 (r = 0.95; α7-species), and HPV68–HPV59 (r = 0.95; α7-species). Conclusions: Correlations between HPV-specific antibody seroreactivities are affected by phylogenetic relatedness, with anti-L1 correlations becoming stronger with the number of vaccine doses received.