Environmental and behavioural factors associated with school children's sleep in Aotearoa/New Zealand

Abstract

Aim: To collect objective and subjective sleep data on 6- to 8-year-old children across the week and to identify factors within the family environment associated with sleep differences. Methods: Data were collected (n = 52) using actigraphy and diaries for 7 consecutive days and nights and a questionnaire incorporating the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire was completed by parents. Results: Children's actigraphic sleep periods averaged 10 h on school nights and 9.5 h on non-school nights and parents over-estimated children's sleep compared with actigraphy. One third (37%) of children had potential sleep problems. Children who shared a bedroom (31%) had shorter sleep onset latencies and those who consumed caffeinated drinks (33%) went to sleep and awoke later. Increased screen time was associated with later bedtimes on school nights and children with screens in bedrooms (12%) went to bed later and slept less on school nights, and had higher Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire scores. Children living with a shift-working adult (27%) slept longer on non-school nights and had shorter sleep onset latencies on school nights. Conclusions: It is important to consider children's sleep within the wider family context and to be aware that parents may over-estimate their children's sleep. Simple strategies to promote sleep health in clinical settings or education programmes include regular weekend bedtimes that align with those on school nights, removing technology from bedrooms and minimising caffeine consumption. An awareness of potential sleep differences associated with shift-working adults may ensure children are supported to have consistent sleep routines that promote adequate sleep.