New insight into sulfur nanoparticles: Synthesis and applications

Abstract

Recently, interest in sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) and their applications in food, agriculture, and biomedical fields have increased mainly due to the significant antibacterial and anticancer activity of these nanomaterials. However, with these applications, there is a growing concern regarding the biological effects and the possible risks to the environment and health by the use of sulfur nanoparticles. In this regard, recent research has been published based on the investigation of the potential effects of SNPs on plant and animal cells. However, little is known about the mechanism of action of SNPs on other microorganisms and human cells. The purpose of this review is to better understand the applicability of these nanomaterials by discussing not only the role of sulfur, but also recent publications related to the synthesis, properties, characterization, and biological applications of SNPs.