Prospects of graphite - Polypropylene/epoxy blend composite for high performance bipolar plate in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

Abstract

Conductive polymer composites (CPCs) are very promising candidate materials for bipolar plates (BPs) in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, a major challenge facing application of CPCs in PEMFC BPs is the difficulty in achieving high electrical conductivity while maintaining adequate mechanical strength. Therefore, a good balance between electrical conductivity and mechanical strength is critical in the development of high-performance CPC BPs. In this study, CPCs consisting of polypropylene (PP)/epoxy blend filled with graphite were investigated for application as BP material, which will combine electrical conductivity and mechanical strength that meet the performance requirements for PEMFC BPs. The CPCs, with 30 - 80 wt% graphite powder, were produced by melt mixing followed by compression molding. The morphology, in-plane electrical conductivity, and flexural strength of the composites were investigated using the scanning electron microscopy, four-point probe method, and three-point bending test, respectively. The results obtained were compared with the technical targets for PEMFC BPs by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). All the PP/epoxy/graphite composites exhibited flexural strength that satisfies the DOE target of > 25 MPa while the composite with 80 wt% graphite content showed the best in-plane electrical conductivity.