Progress in photocontrolled radical polymerization for the synthesis of nonlinear polymer architectures

Abstract

Controlled radical polymerization (CRP) techniques enable the preparation of diverse, chemically tailored polymers with a variety of chain architectures. Separately, light-mediated polymerization reactions offer a number of advantages over thermal polymerizations in terms of energy efficiency, sustainability, and versatility. Recent work has combined photopolymerization and CRP techniques to advance the synthesis of polymers with nonlinear architectures, including bottlebrush polymers, star polymers, hyperbranched polymers, and cyclic polymers. These photoCRP methods offer novel routes to nonlinear polymers using mild reaction conditions. In this review, we provide an overview of photoCRP techniques for the synthesis of nonlinear polymers. We start with a discussion of photoCRP applied to the synthesis of linear polymers and discuss the underlying reaction mechanisms. Then, we discuss photoCRP applied to the synthesis of bottlebrush, star, hyperbranched, cyclic, and surface-initiated polymer brushes. For each case, we discuss the synthetic strategy and the unique properties and characteristics of the resulting polymers, and we provide a perspective on potential future directions for research.