Role of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils on Infectious Complications Stemming from Enterococcus faecalis Oral Infection in Thermally Injured Mice

Abstract

Thermally injured mice are susceptible to Enterococcus faecalis translocation. In this study, the role of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) on the development of sepsis stemming from E. faecalis translocation was studied in SCID-beige (SCIDbg) mice depleted of PMN (SCIDbgN mice) or macrophages (Mφ) and PMN (SCIDbgMN mice). Sepsis was not developed in SCIDbgN mice orally infected with E. faecalis, while the orally infected pathogen spread systemically in the same mice inoculated with PMN from thermally injured mice (TI-PMN). SCIDbgMN mice were shown to be greatly susceptible to sepsis caused by E. faecalis translocation, while orally infected E. faecalis did not spread into sepsis in the same mice that were previously inoculated with Mφ from unburned SCIDbg mice (resident Mφ). In contrast, orally infected E. faecalis spread systemically in SCIDbgMN mice inoculated with resident Mφ and TI-PMN, while all SCIDbgMN mice inoculated in combination with resident Mφ and PMN from unburned SCIDbg mice survived after the infection. After cultivation with TI-PMN in a dual-chamber transwell, resident Mφ converted to alternatively activated Mφ, which are inhibitory on the generation of classically activated Mφ (typical effector cells in host antibacterial innate immunities). TI-PMN were characterized as immunosuppressive PMN (PMN-II) with abilities to produce cc-chemokine ligand-2 and IL-10. These results indicate that PMN-II appearing in response to burn injury impair host antibacterial resistance against sepsis stemming from E. faecalis translocation through the conversion of resident Mφ to alternatively activated Mφ.