Non-ideal compressible flows in supersonic turbine cascades

Abstract

Flows in the close proximity of the vapour-liquid saturation curve and critical point are examined for supersonic turbine cascades, where an expansion occurs through a converging-diverging blade channel. The present study illustrates potential advantages and drawbacks if turbine blades are designed for operating conditions featuring a non-monotonic variation of the Mach number through the expansion process, and non-ideal oblique shocks and Prandtl-Meyer waves downstream of the trailing edge. In contrast to ideal-gas flows, for a given pressure ratio across the cascade, the flow field and the turbine performance are found to be highly dependent on the thermodynamic state at the turbine inlet, in both design and off-design conditions. A potentially advantageous design, featuring stationary points of the Mach number at the blade trailing edge, is proposed, which induces a nearly uniform outlet Mach number distribution in the stator-rotor gap with a low sensitivity to slight variations in the outlet pressure. These findings are relevant for turbomachines involved in high-temperature organic Rankine cycle power systems, in particular for supercritical applications.