Molecular impact of glutathione peroxidases in antioxidant processes

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced during different pathological processes in increased concentrations. They cause lipid peroxidation and oxidation of DNA and proteins due to their high chemical reactivity. However, antioxidative defense mechanisms, including different antioxidant enzymes, prevent tissue damages and other ROS-related complications. The focus of this review is on effects of different glutathione peroxidases (GPXs) on molecular control of reactive oxygen species toxicology. Furthermore, specific biochemical properties, synthesis and role of each glutathione peroxidase isoenzyme in biological processes are described. Small molecules acting as mimetics of the active site of glutathione peroxidases could become new tools for treatment of many diseases.