Molecular characterization of begomovirus infecting yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis L.) in java, Indonesia

Abstract

Begomovirus was identified as one of the causal agents associated with yellow mosaic disease on yard long bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis L.) in Java. Previous study reported that Begomovirus has infected several Leguminosae in South Asia. Several Begomoviruses have been reported to infect important crops in Indonesia. Those Begomoviruses were characterized based on nucleotide sequences. This study was conducted to identify and characterize Begomovirus taken from yard long bean samples in Java based on specific genome property of common region. Three main activities were conducted: i) sample collection in yard long bean fields located in Central Java (Tegal, Magelang, and Klaten), Yogyakarta (Sleman), and West Java (Bogor and Subang) provinces; ii) virus detection using I-ELISA, PCR, and sequencing; iii) molecular characterization of Begomovirus using software BioEdit v.7.0.5 and MEGA 6.06. Yellow mosaic disease was found in almost all fields. Infection of Potyvirus and Begomovirus was detected using I-ELISA and PCR, respectively. Both viruses were detected as either single or mixed infection. Samples collected from Tegal, Klaten, Magelang, Subang and Bogor were positively infected by Begomovirus based on specific viral DNA amplification. Sequence analysis indicated that Begomovirus infecting yard long bean is Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) and it belongs to the same group with MYMIV from Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Nepal. Further analysis showed the conserved region of Begomovirus around Common Region, i.e. "TATA box" sequence, hair pin loop structure, repetitive sequence and the conserved nonanucleotide sequence TAATATTAC were also determined. This is the first report of MYMIV infection in Indonesia.